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Artículos de Revisión

Vol. 6 Núm. 13 (2026): Revista Simón Rodríguez

Estrategias heurísticas en la resolución de problemas matemáticos en la educación básica regular. Revisión sistemática

Heuristic strategies in solving mathematical problems in regular basic education. A systematic review
Publicado
2026-10-19
Contexto: Las estrategias heurísticas permiten abordar problemas matemáticos mediante procedimientos flexibles y diversos, favoreciendo la comprensión conceptual y el desarrollo de habilidades para la resolución de problemas. Su incorporación en la educación básica representa una alternativa para fortalecer procesos cognitivos y actitudes favorables hacia el aprendizaje matemático. Objetivo: Analizar el desarrollo y la aplicación de estrategias heurísticas orientadas a la resolución de problemas matemáticos en estudiantes de Educación Básica Regular. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura siguiendo las directrices del método PRISMA. La búsqueda se efectuó en las bases de datos SciELO y Google Scholar, considerando publicaciones comprendidas entre 2019 y 2025. Después de aplicar los criterios de selección establecidos, se incluyeron 17 artículos para el análisis. Resultados: Los estudios revisados evidenciaron un creciente interés por la aplicación de estrategias heurísticas en la resolución de problemas matemáticos. La evidencia reportó mejoras en la capacidad de análisis, comprensión de procedimientos y desarrollo de estrategias para abordar problemas. Asimismo, estas metodologías favorecieron el aprendizaje colaborativo y contribuyeron al fortalecimiento de actitudes positivas hacia las matemáticas. Los hallazgos también destacaron su aporte al desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y creativo, especialmente cuando las actividades promueven la búsqueda de diferentes alternativas de solución. Conclusiones: Las estrategias heurísticas constituyen una alternativa pedagógica pertinente para fortalecer la resolución de problemas matemáticos en Educación Básica Regular. Su aplicación favorece procesos de análisis, pensamiento crítico y creativo, así como actitudes positivas hacia el aprendizaje matemático, aunque se requiere continuar desarrollando evidencia empírica con diseños metodológicos más rigurosos.
Context: Heuristic strategies enable students to approach mathematical problems through flexible and diverse procedures, fostering conceptual understanding and the development of problem-solving skills. Their incorporation into basic education represents an alternative for strengthening cognitive processes and positive attitudes toward mathematics learning. Objective: To analyze the development and application of heuristic strategies aimed at mathematical problem solving among students in Regular Basic Education. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed in the SciELO and Google Scholar databases, considering publications from 2019 to 2025. After applying the established selection criteria, 17 articles were included in the analysis. Results: The studies reviewed revealed growing interest in the application of heuristic strategies for mathematical problem solving. The evidence reported improvements in analytical skills, procedural understanding, and the development of strategies for approaching mathematical problems. These methodologies also promoted collaborative learning and contributed to strengthening positive attitudes toward mathematics. The findings further highlighted their contribution to the development of critical and creative thinking, particularly when activities encourage students to explore different solution alternatives. Conclusions: Heuristic strategies constitute a relevant pedagogical approach for strengthening mathematical problem solving in Regular Basic Education. Their implementation promotes analytical processes, critical and creative thinking, and positive attitudes toward mathematics learning. However, further empirical research using more rigorous methodological designs is needed to strengthen the evidence regarding their effectiveness.
Número:
Vol. 6 Núm. 13 (2026): Revista Simón Rodríguez
Sección:
Artículos de Revisión

Referencias

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