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Artículos de Revisión

Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2026): Revista Simón Rodríguez

La inteligencia artificial como herramienta para la investigación científica en la educación superior: revisión bibliográfica

Artificial intelligence as a tool for scientific research in higher education: a literature review
Publicado
2026-08-12

Introducción: La inteligencia artificial (IA) se ha consolidado como una tecnología transformadora en la educación superior, generando nuevas posibilidades para optimizar los procesos de investigación científica y planteando desafíos relacionados con la ética, la transparencia y el uso responsable del conocimiento. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica sobre el uso de la inteligencia artificial como recurso para la investigación científica en educación superior, identificando sus aplicaciones, beneficios, desafíos e implicaciones éticas y pedagógicas. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática bajo las directrices PRISMA. La búsqueda se efectuó en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, IEEE Xplore y Google Scholar, considerando publicaciones entre 2019 y 2026. Tras el proceso de selección, se incluyeron 41 estudios relacionados con la aplicación de IA en procesos investigativos universitarios. Resultados: Los hallazgos evidenciaron que la IA, especialmente los modelos generativos como ChatGPT, se emplea en la revisión de literatura, análisis de datos, redacción académica, generación de hipótesis y estudios bibliométricos. Entre sus principales beneficios destacan el incremento de la productividad científica y la ampliación del acceso a herramientas avanzadas. Sin embargo, se identificaron riesgos asociados con dependencia tecnológica, limitaciones en pensamiento crítico, falta de transparencia, sesgos algorítmicos y posibles prácticas de mala conducta académica. Conclusiones: La integración de inteligencia artificial en la investigación científica universitaria requiere marcos éticos sólidos, políticas institucionales claras y programas de alfabetización digital que permitan aprovechar sus beneficios garantizando un uso crítico, transparente y responsable.

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology in higher education, creating new opportunities to optimize scientific research processes while presenting critical challenges regarding ethics, transparency, and the responsible use of knowledge. Objective: This study aims to analyze the scientific evidence on the use of AI as a resource for scholarly research in higher education, identifying its applications, benefits, challenges, and pedagogical and ethical implications. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. The literature search was performed across Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar, covering publications from 2019 to 2026. After a rigorous selection process, 41 studies focusing on AI applications in university research were included. Results: The findings reveal that AI, particularly generative models such as ChatGPT, is increasingly utilized for literature reviews, data analysis, academic writing, hypothesis generation, and bibliometric studies. Key benefits include enhanced scientific productivity and expanded access to advanced analytical tools. However, significant risks were identified, including technological dependence, limitations in critical thinking, lack of transparency, algorithmic bias, and potential academic misconduct. Conclusions: The integration of AI into university research demands robust ethical frameworks, clear institutional policies, and digital literacy programs to harness its advantages while ensuring critical, transparent, and responsible implementation.

Número:
Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2026): Revista Simón Rodríguez
Sección:
Artículos de Revisión

Referencias

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