Ir al menú de navegación principal Ir al contenido principal Ir al pie de página del sitio

Artículos de Investigación

Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2026): Revista Simón Rodríguez

Efecto de la estrategia didáctica CREAR en la planificación de la escritura expositiva de universitarios

Effect of the CREAR didactic strategy on the planning of expository writing by university students
Publicado
2026-08-27
Contexto: La planificación constituye una fase esencial del proceso de escritura académica, pero representa una de las principales dificultades en estudiantes universitarios, afectando la organización, coherencia y calidad de los textos producidos. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la estrategia didáctica CREAR en el desarrollo de la planificación de la escritura expositiva en estudiantes de primer ciclo de una universidad privada de Lima durante 2025. Metodología: Se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo y diseño cuasiexperimental longitudinal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 239 estudiantes del curso Comunicación Escrita I, distribuidos en grupo control (n = 120) y experimental (n = 119), seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se aplicó una rúbrica de 10 indicadores validada por juicio de expertos y con confiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach de 0,81. El análisis comparativo se realizó mediante pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas. Resultados: El grupo experimental evidenció una mejora significativa en la planificación de la escritura, incrementando su media de 6,94 a 10,18 puntos (Z = -6,31; p < 0,001) y aumentando el porcentaje de estudiantes con nivel logrado de 21,01 % a 33,61 %. En contraste, el grupo control presentó una mejora no significativa (Z = -1,61; p = 0,107). La comparación entre grupos en el postest mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (Z = -9,53; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: La estrategia didáctica CREAR favorece significativamente el desarrollo de la planificación de la escritura expositiva en estudiantes universitarios. La enseñanza explícita, sistemática y guiada de estrategias de planificación constituye una alternativa eficaz para fortalecer la competencia escritora académica.
Context: While planning is a fundamental stage of the academic writing process, it remains one of the primary challenges for university students, directly impacting the organization, coherence, and overall quality of written production. Objective: To determine the effect of the "CREAR" instructional strategy on the development of expository writing planning among first-semester students at a private university in Lima during 2025. Methodology: A quantitative study was conducted using a longitudinal quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 239 students enrolled in a Written Communication I course, divided into a control group (n = 120) and an experimental group (n = 119), selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data were collected using a 10-indicator rubric, validated by expert judgment, with a Cronbach’s alpha reliability of 0.81. Comparative analysis was performed using non-parametric statistical tests. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvement in writing planning, with mean scores increasing from 6.94 to 10.18 (Z = -6.31; p < .001) and the percentage of students reaching the "achieved" level rising from 21.01% to 33.61%. In contrast, the control group showed no significant improvement (Z = -1.61; p = .107). Post-test inter-group comparisons revealed statistically significant differences (Z = -9.53; p < .001). Conclusions: The CREAR instructional strategy significantly enhances expository writing planning in university students. The results suggest that explicit, systematic, and guided instruction of planning strategies constitutes an effective alternative for strengthening academic writing competence in higher education.
Sección:
Artículos de Investigación

Referencias

  1. Álvarez, Y., Méndez, F. J. y Correa, L. H. (2025). Estrategias de enseñanza de la lectura y escritura académicas durante la formación universitaria. Lenguaje, 53(2), e30114627-e30114627. https://doi.org/10.25100/lenguaje.v53i2.14627
  2. Amador, B. H., Castellanos, A., Barragán, L. A. y Cortés, J. E. (2024). Estado del arte sobre estrategias y dispositivos didácticos para la escritura en posgrados. Lenguaje, 52(1). https://doi.org/10.25100/lenguaje.v52i1.12829
  3. Arenas, K. A. y Rojas, S. P. (2024). La escritura académica y su aporte al aprendizaje ¿Qué piensan los profesores universitarios? Análisis de la literatura. Entramado, 20(2), 17. https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.2.11080
  4. Arispe, C. M., Rivera, O., Yangali, J. S., Vásquez, M. R., Lindsey W. Vilca, Enciso, R. A. y Alvarez, M. Y. (2023). Psychometric analysis of the revised CompLEC test to measure reading speed and reading comprehension in university students. BMC psychology, 11(1), 331. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01374-1
  5. Bakry, M. S. y Emam, M. M. (2024). Teaching expository writing to Arabic-speaking students with intellectual disability in inclusive classrooms: effect of four-square method and sentence frames. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 70(8), 1377-1387. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2023.2177796
  6. Bourdin, B. y Fayol, M. (2022). Facilitating text production in fourth graders: Effects of script-based knowledge and writing prompts. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 821011. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.821011
  7. Butarbutar, R. (2024). Students’ perceptions of online scaffolding tools for improving writing skills. Cogent Education, 11(1), 2428906. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2428906
  8. Ebadijalal, M. y Moradkhani, S. (2025). Impacts of computer-assisted collaborative writing, collaborative prewriting, and individual writing on EFL learners’ performance and motivation. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 38(1-2), 291-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2023.2178463
  9. Falardeau, E., Guay, F., Dubois, P. y Pelletier, D. J. J. o. W. R. (2024). Effects of teacher-implemented explicit writing instruction on the writing self-efficacy and writing performance of 5th grade students. 16(1), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2024.16.01.01
  10. Gao, J., Li, G., Yang, Z., Li, F., Wang, T. y Wen, S. (2023). The effect of working memory updating training on the Chinese writing ability of primary school students. Frontiers in psychology, 14, 1163132. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1163132
  11. García, I., López, M., Aznárez, M. y Villarreal, I. (2025). A comparative study of developing L1 and L2 writers’ metalinguistic activity in collaborative writing tasks among young Basque immersion learners. Language awareness, 34(2), 450-475. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2024.2419033
  12. Ghanmi, R. y Navracsics, J. (2026). Metalinguistic awareness, writing competence and lexical diversity in bilingual and multilingual adults in Hungary learning English as an additional language. International journal of multilingualism, 23(1), 825-849. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2025.2517337
  13. Godínez, L. P. y Zúñiga, J. (2024). La escritura académica en la universidad. Mapeo sistemático de las investigaciones académicas sobre el tema en Costa Rica. Comunicación, 33(1), 62-87. https://revistas.tec.ac.cr/index.php/comunicacion/article/view/7181
  14. Kidane, A., Seyoum, G. y Teshome, G. (2024). Effects of Process‐Genre Approach on Students’ Writing Strategy Use in Paragraphs: Second‐Year Wachemo University Students. Education Research International, 2024(1), 5527768. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5527768
  15. Mahapatra, S. (2024). Impact of ChatGPT on ESL students’ academic writing skills: A mixed methods intervention study. Smart Learning Environments, 11(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-024-00295-9
  16. Murrieta, R. (2024). Escritura académica en educación superior. Dificultades y desarrollo de saberes con apoyo de las TIC. RIDE. Revista Iberoamericana para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Educativo, 15(29). https://doi.org/10.23913/ride.v15i29.2044
  17. Osmanović, J. y Maksimović, J. (2022). Quasi-experimental research as an epistemological-methodological approach in education research. International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education, 10(3), 177-183. https://doi.org/10.23947/2334-8496-2022-10-3-177-183
  18. Panadero, E., Jonsson, A., Pinedo, L. y Fernández, B. (2023). Effects of rubrics on academic performance, self-regulated learning, and self-efficacy: A meta-analytic review. Educational Psychology Review, 35(4), 113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09823-4
  19. Pozzo, M. I. y Rosso, F. (2023). Enseñanza de la escritura académica en entornos virtuales: desafíos de la pandemia en el posgrado. Folios(58), 56-74. https://doi.org/10.17227/folios.58-16014
  20. Rahimi, M. (2024). Effects of integrating motivational instructional strategies into a process-genre writing instructional approach on students’ engagement and argumentative writing. System, 121, 103261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103261
  21. Sagredo, S. y Kloss, S. (2025). Academic writing strategies in university students from three disciplinary areas: design and validation of an instrument. Frontiers in Education. http://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1600497
  22. Salas, N., Pascual, M., Birello, M. y Cross, A. (2023). Embedding explicit linguistic instruction in an SRSD writing intervention. Written Communication, 40(3), 857-891. https://doi.org/10.1177/07410883231169516
  23. Salazar, C. (2024). Escritura colaborativa: una práctica social mediada por las tecnologías. RIDE. Revista Iberoamericana para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Educativo, 15(29). https://doi.org/10.23913/ride.v15i29.2053
  24. Salazar, M. d. L. (2023). La escritura de textos académicos en la universidad: Una reflexión desde la experiencia docente en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. Revista Educación, 47(1), 695-705. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/revedu.v47i1.51949
  25. Salman, J. S. y Haskel, I. (2023). Noticing and metalinguistic awareness in the L2 writing process: A translation-based writing task for L1 Arabic speakers preparing to teach Hebrew as a second language. Journal of Second Language Writing, 62, 101065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2023.101065
  26. Shen, B. y Bai, B. (2024). Enhancing Chinese university students' writing performance and self-regulated learning (SRL) writing strategy use through a strategy-based intervention. System, 122, 103249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103249
  27. Stavans, A. y Zadunaisky, S. (2024). Text structure as an indicator of the writing development of descriptive text quality. Journal of Writing Research, 15(3), 463-496. https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2024.15.03.02
  28. Talbott, E., Maggin, D. M., Chua, M., Ashley, L., Chen, X., Chin, P. A. y Curry, M. K. (2026). Outcome-reporting bias in special Education intervention research using experimental and quasi-experimental group designs: A conceptual replication. Remedial and Special Education, 47(1), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325241240067
  29. Tan, X. (2023). Stories behind the scenes: L2 students’ cognitive processes of multimodal composing and traditional writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 59, 100958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2022.100958
  30. Taylor, B., Kisby, F. y Reedy, A. (2024). Rubrics in higher education: an exploration of undergraduate students’ understanding and perspectives. Assessment and evaluation in higher education, 49(6), 799-809. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2023.2299330
  31. Tineo, A. (2023). Modelo didáctico para la redacción de textos expositivos académicos por estudiantes universitarios. Apuntes Universitarios, 13(2), 175-190. https://doi.org/10.17162/au.v13i2.1448
  32. Trang, N. H. y Barrot, J. S. (2024). Pre-writing and post-writing explicit instruction: Differential effects on L2 learners’ writing accuracy. RELC Journal, 55(3), 688-704. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882231184270
  33. Vicente, J. y Arango, M. F. (2024). Escritura colaborativa en educación superior y su aporte a la formación de maestros investigadores. Forma y Función, 37(1). https://doi.org/10.15446/fyf.v37n1.104674
  34. Vicol, M.-I., Gavriluț, M.-L. y Mâță, L. (2024). A quasi-experimental study on the development of creative writing skills in primary school students. Education Sciences, 14(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14010091
  35. Yang, M. (2024). Fostering EFL university students’ motivation and self-regulated learning in writing: A socio-constructivist approach. System, 124, 103386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103386