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Artículos de Revisión

Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2026): Revista Simón Rodríguez

La inteligencia artificial como herramienta para la investigación científica en la educación superior: Revisión sistemática

Artificial intelligence as a tool for scientific research in high education: A systematic review
Publicado
2026-08-12
Introducción: La inteligencia artificial (IA) está transformando la investigación científica en la educación superior al facilitar distintas etapas del proceso investigativo. Objetivo: Evaluar la evidencia científica sobre el uso de la IA como herramienta para la investigación en educación superior, considerando aplicaciones, beneficios, desafíos e implicaciones éticas y pedagógicas. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática según PRISMA 2020. Se consultaron Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, IEEE Xplore y Google Scholar para el periodo 2019-2026. Se incluyeron 56 estudios en la síntesis cualitativa. Resultados: La IA, especialmente modelos generativos como ChatGPT, se empleó en revisión de literatura, análisis de datos, redacción académica, generación de hipótesis y análisis bibliométrico. Sus principales beneficios fueron mayor productividad y acceso a herramientas avanzadas. Se identificaron riesgos de dependencia, reducción de habilidades críticas, sesgos algorítmicos, falta de transparencia y mala conducta académica. Conclusión: La integración responsable de la IA requiere políticas institucionales, marcos éticos y alfabetización específica.
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming scientific research in higher education by supporting multiple stages of the research process. Objective: To evaluate scientific evidence on the use of AI as a research tool in higher education, considering its applications, benefits, challenges, and ethical and pedagogical implications. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published between 2019 and 2026. A total of 56 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Results: AI, particularly generative models such as ChatGPT, was used for literature reviews, data analysis, academic writing, hypothesis generation, and bibliometric analysis. Major benefits included increased research productivity and broader access to advanced tools. Identified risks involved overdependence, reduced critical skills, algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, and academic misconduct. Conclusion: Responsible AI integration requires institutional policies, ethical frameworks, and AI literacy programs.
Número:
Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2026): Revista Simón Rodríguez
Sección:
Artículos de Revisión

Referencias

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