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Artículos de Revisión

Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2026): Revista Simón Rodríguez

Impacto de la inteligencia artificial en investigación científica e innovación educativa: Una revisión sistemática

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Research and Educational Innovation: A systematic review
Publicado
2026-08-12
Introducción: La inteligencia artificial (IA) está transformando la educación superior y la investigación científica, aunque la evidencia disponible se encuentra fragmentada. La IA abarca desde sistemas predictivos hasta modelos generativos multimodales, cada uno con implicaciones distintas para la práctica académica. Objetivo: Sintetizar la evidencia sobre el impacto de la IA en la investigación científica y la innovación educativa en educación superior. Metodología: Revisión de revisiones siguiendo PRISMA 2020. Se buscó en Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, IEEE Xplore y Google Scholar (2019-2026). Se incluyeron 33 estudios de revisión sistemática. La calidad metodológica se evaluó con AMSTAR-2, CASPe y ROBINS-2. Resultados: El 87.9% de los estudios se publicaron entre 2022-2026. Las principales aplicaciones son aprendizaje personalizado (62.5%), evaluación automatizada (45.3%) y apoyo a la investigación (28.1%). Beneficios principales: eficiencia (78.1%), personalización (71.9%), democratización del conocimiento (56.3%) e innovación en investigación (43.8%). Desafíos críticos: implicaciones éticas (84.4%), brecha digital (67.2%), falta de regulación (62.5%), erosión de habilidades (56.3%), alucinaciones de IA y problemas de reproducibilidad. La adopción docente depende de la utilidad percibida, el liderazgo institucional y las competencias digitales. La calidad metodológica es variable y hay concentración geográfica en países desarrollados. Conclusiones: La IA tiene un impacto transformador, pero debe concebirse como inteligencia aumentada que potencia, no sustituye, las capacidades humanas. El investigador del futuro debe desarrollar alfabetización en IA, incluyendo competencias de prompt engineering y evaluación crítica de resultados generados por IA. Se recomiendan políticas institucionales claras, formación docente específica y futuras investigaciones sobre el impacto de la IA en el método científico y en contextos subrepresentados.
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming higher education and scientific research, but available evidence remains fragmented. AI encompasses predictive systems, generative models, and multimodal architectures, each with distinct implications for academic practice. Objective: To synthesize evidence on the impact of AI on scientific research and educational innovation in higher education. Methodology: Umbrella review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar (2019-2026). 33 systematic reviews were included. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR-2, CASPe, and ROBINS-2. Results: 87.9% of studies were published between 2022-2026. Main applications: personalized learning (62.5%), automated assessment (45.3%), and research support (28.1%). Benefits: efficiency (78.1%), personalization (71.9%), knowledge democratization (56.3%), and research innovation (43.8%). Challenges: ethical implications (84.4%), digital divide (67.2%), lack of regulation (62.5%), skill erosion (56.3%), AI hallucinations, and reproducibility issues. Teacher adoption depends on perceived usefulness, institutional leadership, and digital competencies. Methodological quality is variable, with geographic concentration in developed countries. Conclusions: AI has a transformative impact but must be conceived as augmented intelligence that enhances, not replaces, human capabilities. Future researchers must develop AI literacy, including prompt engineering competencies and critical evaluation of AI-generated outputs. Clear institutional policies, specific teacher training, and future research on AI's impact on the scientific method and underrepresented contexts are recommended.
Número:
Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2026): Revista Simón Rodríguez
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Artículos de Revisión

Referencias

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